our environment: METHODS FOR SOLID WASTE DISPOSAL AND MANAGEMENT

Different disposal methods are used in various parts of the world are given below :

1. Open dumping :

It is a simple,cheapest and unplanned method so, it is most commonly used in India because it does not require any technical detailing.
It also has some drawbacks.
The open dump cause public health problems by encouraging the breeding of files, rats, mosquitoes and other pastes.
Open dumping required large land and this land is directly connected with residential and other structures which has continuous movement of public, so it is hazard for human health.
This open dump also spreads air pollution through irritation smells and unhygienic air.
This dumping land is very far from the city. so transport cost for the solid waste, makes it very costly.

2. Sanitary land filling :

Sanitary land filling is a method of disposing waste on land without creating hazard to public health and safety. The operation carried out for this method is environment friendly. It is simple, cheap and effective.
This method is carried out in following steps.
A land is excavated up to 5 meters.
Waste is laid in thin layers. These layers are called cells.
These layers are compacted with some mechanical equipment and covered with soil with height of 20 cm and again compacted.
The depth of cell should not exceed the height of 2 meter.
Decomposition is performed by micro-organisms for the organic matter and degrade them.
Decomposition is similar to that in composting.
When the cells reaches to final destination, the final layer is laid with the height of 1 meter thick with 20 cm soil on it and compacted.
This is a biological treatment for waste.

3. Incineration :

This method is suitable for combustible waste.
It involves the burning of solid wastes at high temperature.
It is suitable for crowded cities where sites for land filling are not available.
High construction and operation costs.
Sometimes used to reduce the volume of solid wastes for land filling.
It involves two burning chambers.
Primary chamber designed to facilitate rapid burning of moist waste and complete combustion of waste.
After this, It lefts ashes , metals and some UN-burnt wastes. And these residue are took in the second chamber.
Secondary chamber operated on temperature above 700 degree C.
All unburnt and semi burnt material are completely burnt here.
Because it operated in plant not openly, so it makes less air pollution.

4. Composting :

It is similar method to sanitary land fill.
It is an aerobic method in which, bacterial decomposition take place and organic components of municipal waste are results in the formation of compost.
It involves two methods namely, Open window composting and mechanical composting.
This method is very popular because It is beneficial like It can dispose of solid waste and It can produce the valuable manure for use in agriculture.

5. Compaction :

After separation, the non biodegradable waste is carried out in mechanical compressor in which they are reduce by its volume. These compressed waste material is filled either in large containers or solid bales.

6. Pulverization :

In this method, the solid waste is pulverized in grinding machine so as reduce its volume.
From this it becomes a partially odourless and unattractive to insects.

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