TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM

TYPES OF ECOSYSTEM ARE GIVEN BELOW :


1. Forest ecosystem
2. Grassland ecosystem
3. Dessert ecosystem
4. Tundra ecosystem
5. Marine ecosystem
6. Fresh water ecosystem

1. Forest ecosystem :

• Forest occupies nearly 40% of the total land. The forests can be of several types depending upon the climate of the region that is tropical rain forest, deciduous forest, temperature evergreen forest etc. 

Abiotic components of forest ecosystem :

• The abiotic components are both organic and inorganic compounds. Inorganic components are water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, amino acids, protein, carbohydrates and fat etc. Organic components are light, temperature, humidity, rain fall etc.

Biotic components of forest ecosystem :

• Producers : Producers are mainly tree, shrub, herbs and grasses. The trees are different types depending upon the climate.
• Consumers : Consumers are majorly dependents on producers. They are classified in following types :

1. Primary consumers : They are herbivore animals like deer, goat, camel, bison, elephant etc. They consume trees, grass, leaves, fruits etc.
2. Secondary consumers : They are Carnivore animals like snakes, hawks, lizards etc.
3. Tertiary consumers : They are top carnivore animals like lion, tiger, fox etc. They are also called predators.

• Decomposer : This ecosystem, a wide variety of micro organisms including different species of fungi are decomposer.

2. Fresh water ecosystem :

• On the basis of water depth and types of plants and animals, there are three different zones in pond.

1. Littoral zone :This zone is a shallow water region which is occupied by rooted plants.
2. Limnetic Zone : This zone ranges from the shallow to the depth of effective light penetration and associated organisms are green and blue green algae.
3. Profundal zone : This zone is the deep water parts where no effective lights penetrates. In this zone, Whole environment is in dark.

• Abiotic components of marine ecosystem are water, light, dissolved O2, CO2, etc.
• Biotic components of marine ecosystem are fish, whales, sharks, dolphins, plants, jellyfish, plankton, coral etc.
• Consumers : 

1. Primary consumers : Small fishes and snails.
2. Secondary consumers : Frog, fishes and snakes.
3. Decomposers : Fungi, bacteria etc.